By Alberto Alberti
N. 's Note: Internet swarm alleged explanations "of national thought" about the conflict between the Executive Branch officials with farmers.
feathers from some respectable officialdom, as Norberto Galasso, to the eternal vane Antonio Cafiero incurred in the common mistake of confusing the intellectual tradition of popular nationalism with maps of the past. They were so brilliantly addressed by Arturo Jauretche, Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz and Jorge Abelardo Ramos , but must be updated to the new circumstances. Today
ownership of land and agricultural production is substantially different from the times of the "oligarchy vaccine." Monopolies biotech seed pools and exporting corporations today are the dominant bloc.
This note is part of a series aimed at clarifying the operation thereof.
With
accounts to
According to research by journalist Raúl Dellatorre -published by the newspaper Página 12 - exporters, based in the Customs Code, liquidated withholding taxes on a lower value of that bill. But the producer will discount on the total value.
Suppose, for example, that a ton of soybeans is worth $ 500 (FOB / in boat). The exporter buys that value to the producer and he discounted rates, a collection fee and 35% to be paid in the customs and export retention. Leaving aside the freight and collection fee and deducting withholding only the farmer is paid the hands of the exporter:
500 to 35%
ie
500 to 175 = $ 325 per tonne
Then the exporter selling their goods and settled in the act of withholding this process getting $ 370.37. In other words, 9.46% more ($ 45.37) than you paid to the producer.
How did the exporter for more money to the producer if the deductions in the two situations are 35%?
The solution to this enigma lies in the interpretation by the exporter in the Argentine Customs Code, specifically, under art. 737 which says: "Notwithstanding the provisions of art. 735, are excluded from the taxable value of duties and other taxes that impose taxes on exports. "
Dellatorre says about it: "(...) Customs Code enables you (the exporter) to believe that the export FOB value 'and' includes the right export. That is, the FOB value is the net (taxable) 'more' export right. "He continues:" The calculation is not illegal, but arises from an interpretation of the Code which applies for many years .
say that the exporter is interpreted that the deductions are contained within the $ 500 per ton and to know how much tax you should make this account:
500 / 1.35 ie remove
35% to 500 and to deduce the tax base:
500 / 1.35 = 370.37
and know what you must pay:
370.37 x 35% = 129.63 dollars (370.37 + 129.63 = 500 dollars)
But when he moved the discount to the producer, did on the final price or FOB and not contained therein.
Moreover, when the former Minister Martin Lousteau launched the measure, also applied on the final price. That is, with this maneuver, which disregards the decision made by the Executive, the exporter pays for withholdings only 25.9% (129.63 dollars) per ton. What
struggle? Who did the oligarchy?
Thus exporting companies, of which only 5 control 90% of exports (Cargill, Bunge and Born, Dreyfus, General Oil Deheza, the government senator Roberto Urquia, and Vicentín) generated in this process, total absence of state controls, a net gain of 9.1% paid by farmers and should join the government accounts.
The more deductions increase the greater the gains of these companies. Consider the same example as above, but with the retention of 44%.
pay the producer to sell 44% in respect of deductions to exporter:
500 x 44% = $ 220
and obtained by selling a ton of soy
500 to 220 = $ 280
turn, sell the exporter before the government will use the distraction and draw the tax base:
500 / 1.44 = $ 347.22
and on this apply the value of retention:
347.22 x 44% = 152.77 U.S. dollars
(347.22 + 152.77 = $ 500)
$ 67.22 That is less than that provided by the producer. In other words $ 67.22 per ton of gain and, therefore, be paid as deductions
30.55% 13.45% less of the tax. Thus demonstrated that each increase of deductions mean more profits for exporting companies.
When retention is 35% such win by 9.1% and if the tax was 44% gain would be 13.45%.
The result is a greater transfer of funds from the direct producers to export corporations (and evaders). Apostille
The 2007/08 season is estimated by the government in 47 million tons of soybeans, with retention of 35%, I invite the reader to estimate the gain for tax evasion withholding that will transnationals operating in the country. Creepy right?
should be noted that this system of tax base is not only used for soybean exports but is used in most of the products exported from Argentina.
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